E Skeates Media

 cultural hegemony - one culture more powerful than others old media - no internet new media - digitally convergent technology separate and distinct media industries woman magazine published weekly by IPC, 1937 to present. • Set edition: 23-29 August 1964 • Price: 7d (7 old pennies, approx 80p in 2018 money) • Women’s magazines became very popular in the post-war period and, in the 1960s, sales of women’s magazines reached 12 million copies per week. Woman’s sales alone were around 3 million copies per week in 1960. mass culture - established  weekly magazine 7 pence 1 in ever 2 women was buying one every week opportunities in jobs, etc opened up for women after ww2 (1945) was not hegemonically acceptable for women to hold a job prior to ww2 - more income (industries arrive to sell to women) How does the magazine’s contents page reflect: The codes and conventions of the sub-genre of magazine? - conventional "women activities" at the time - knitting, cooking, beauty - expected...

 front cover - the front page similar, straight forward fonts magazines can target extremely niche audiences magazines: glossy or higher quality paper  meant to be read more than once covers are aesthetically pleasing specific audiences many different genres, many different types much more expensive case study woman magazine - aug 1964 Codes and conventions – changes over time?  hegemonically attractive woman of the time Layout and design - Simple layout, most text organised in one place Composition - positioning of masthead/headlines, cover lines, images, columns Font size, type, colour Images/photographs - shot type, angle, focus Mise-en-scene – colour, lighting, location, costume/dress, hair/make-up Graphics, logos - masthead is sophisticated cursive font Language – headline, sub-headings, captions – mode of address - directly talking to the audience "your, you" assumes the person reading is a "british woman" otherwise text isnt relevant Copy - inside a banner at...

 component one: unseen exam - media language question -representation -audience -media industries component 2 media industry magazine online media Compared with the past, David Gauntlett argues that in the media today 'we no longer get singular, straightforward messages about ideal types of male and female identities.' Evaluate the validity of this claim with reference to the set editions of Woman and Adbusters and the historical contexts in which they are produced. [30] magazines- competition from social media  ease of reading online specifically target older audiences -cost money, comparatively expensive arguably cover a smaller range of interests old media older audiences niche audiences quality --- barthe codes - proaeretic, semantic, symbolic, referential  levi strauss - binary opposition Layout and design Font size, type, colour and connotations Images/photographs - shot type, angle, focus Mise-en-scene – colour, lighting, location, costume/dress, hair/make-up ...

 unflattering, low angles close up on specific thing perspective, focus colour  Bias through selection and omission  Bias through placement  Bias by headline  Bias by photos, captions and camera angles  Bias through use of names and titles  Bias through statistics and crowd counts  Bias by source control  Word choice and tone  -DOMINIC LAWSON: Amazing but true - we are leading the world in the fight against the virus - ommision of most countries - only those mentioned are us/ eu  "This will seem odd to many British people: not only because of dilatory action by the Government but also because of our demography, the UK has suffered one of the very worst fatality rates, per capita, from the disease. Yet in our contribution to the treatment of this plague, Britain leads the world." - biased through headline - unclear and bias through selection, other countries have world leading strategies Fury as police 'threaten to fine' families buy...

 all media products are created in order to make money james curran and jean seaton - every media industry is motivated by power and profit diversity is in the public interest – but modern societies suffer from collective attention deficit disorders[…] the public interest has to work harder to be noticed, and we need agile but resourceful media to do that’ - they argue that uk news media is not diverse, In order order to capture our attention, news media tends to follow the same patterns  -monopolisation of uk media monopoly -  the exclusive ownership or control of something  - buying up all the things in the same sector to have monopoly over it news corp - one of the biggest news conglomerations in the world conglomerate = a large corporation consisting of multiple smaller companies subsidiary = a smaller company owned by a large corporation One argument against aggressive conglomeration is that it leads to boring products -unfair, too much power “Curran and Se...

IPSO - regulates newspapers comments allow newspapers to bypass restrictions sometimes function as an "echo-chamber"  - cultivate agreeable ideologies in their target audiences  news values Recency - recent/not Size - news effecting a broad size of people Continuity - consistency Simplicity - easy to understand Elite Nations or People - read more about certain countries than other countries  Predictability - will it unfold in a certain way Unexpectedness  Negativity Personality Meaningfulness james curran and jean seaton - every media industry is motivated by power and profit diversity is in the public interest – but modern societies suffer from collective attention deficit disorders[…] the public interest has to work harder to be noticed, and we need agile but resourceful media to do that’ - they argue that uk news media is not diverse, In order order to capture our attention, news media tends to folow the same patterns  -monopolisation of uk mediathethe...

  Who is the target audience for each of these front pages? working class people - casual, informal language - aiming for working class left wing audience How do these front pages appeal to their target audiences? freebie to entice people, being 'value for money' - simpler than a broadsheet and colourful so may be easier for working class people to read (assuming they are less educated), selling a better lifestyle, simple and straightforward mode of address What ideologies are cultivated by these front pages? having to stay healthy and fit,  Who is the target audience for each of these front pages? - middle/upper class people  How do these front pages appeal to their target audiences? formal, lots of information , significant amount of copy. lexis is formal, to the point and hard news, encouraging people to follow the law What ideologies are cultivated by these front pages? encouraging people to follow the law - women look like the target audience of the times, it could b...

 all the tabloids focused on the vaccine news - as opposed to capitol storm if the news of people dying came out when the newspaper was being written - it would lead - if it bleeds it leads lisbet van zoonen -   the only purpose of a woman in a media product is to be looked at by a heterosexual male audience - patriarchal hegemony~ objectification - the process of making something into an object - sexualisation, sexual objectification mail online - most visited - right wing newsppaper dont miss: soft news // "sidebar of shame" The sidebar of shame reinforces a hegemonic representation of female attractiveness 1- Which group is being represented? 2 - How does media language construct this group? 3 - What message is being presented about this group? 4 - In what way might this impact the group being represented? 1 - 50+s and celebrities 2- surprised at someone who is 51 looks that good, almost naughty like she should be doing it? (cheeky) 3 - older celebrities still look goo...

 representations reconstruct reality  representations always reflect the ideology of the producer  hegemony - where one group wields power over the other group - without using force (consented to) hegemonic control - consenting to control which doesnt use violence or threats