09/11 post modernism

 post modernism - wilfully breaking the rules and conventions of media text 
new take on 'old' idea - clothes pre-distressed, etc
Breaking rules & deconstructing  - charlie brooker's newswipe, stanley parable. 

simulacra - simulating real life , idea of copying, simulation - androids, the matrix

hyperreality - beyond reality 


roland barthes - semiotics
signs, signifiers and signified - anything that can have meaning. the thing that creates meaning, the meaning that is created



paris syndrome - in this postmodern age of simulacra, audiences are constantly bombarded with images which no longer refer to anything 'real'
it is increasingly difficult to ascertain what is real 
the fake is more real than the thing it is replacing


-the synths themselves may be seen as simulacra - copies of 'perfect' humans which do not really exist
-the parallel world to which they belong is a hyperreality =  it is the present or near future represented from a mediated perspective. consider how this is constructed
- it may be argued that the series itself is a comment on the attractions of the hyperreal over the real - e.g. Joe's sexual attraction to Anita

- in postmodern culture the boundaries between the real world and the world of the media have collapsed and that it is no longer possible to distinguish between what is reality and which is simulation
- Therefore in the post modern age of simulacra, audiences are constantly bombarded with images which no longer refer to anything real
-Because of this we are now in a situation that media images have come to seem more real than the reality they supposedly represent. this concept is referred to hyperreality 

key theory 5 - jean baudrillard
if we show people different signs enough, what becomes the accepted reality
"it is no longer a question of imitation, nor duplication, nor even parody. it is a question of substituting the signs of the real for the real 


metanarrative - overall theme or idea it is based on 

e.g. humans - has technology gone too far?

style over substance - surface meanings are seen as more important in a postmodern text than any deeper meaning - knights of cydonia 

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screens, monitors, and stories within stories

criticism of metanarratives

style over substance

rejection of high culture

intertextuality

themes of identity and the loss of the self

breaking the forth wall